Every ingredient, graded.
Mechanism, the state of the evidence, effective dose, and safety — for the ingredients that show up in cognitive formulas. Grades are our editorial reading of the literature, and we update them as the research moves.
Last reviewed · June 2026 · What the grades mean →
99 ingredients
- EugeroicA+
Modafinil
A wakefulness-promoting compound used to enhance alertness and sustained cognitive performance.
Evidence4.7 / 5 - Amino AcidA+
L-Theanine
An amino acid known for promoting calm focus and reducing stress without sedation.
Evidence4.6 / 5 - StimulantA+
Methylphenidate
A prescription stimulant used to enhance attention, focus, and impulse control.
Evidence4.6 / 5 - VitaminA+
Vitamin B12
An essential vitamin that supports nerve health, energy production, and cognitive function.
Evidence4.6 / 5 - StimulantA+
Caffeine
A widely used stimulant known for its immediate effects on alertness, focus, and mental performance.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - Energy CompoundA+
Creatine Monohydrate
A well-researched compound that supports brain energy metabolism and cognitive performance.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - Omega-3 Fatty AcidA+
Docosahexaenoic Acid
A key structural component of the brain essential for cognitive function, memory, and long-term brain health.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - Omega-3 SourceA+
Fish Oil
A widely used supplement providing DHA and EPA to support brain function and long-term cognitive health.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - HormoneA+
Melatonin
A hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and supports circadian rhythm alignment.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - Vitamin ComplexA+
Vitamin B Complex
A group of essential vitamins that support energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and brain health.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - VitaminA+
Vitamin B9
An essential vitamin required for DNA synthesis, brain development, and neurotransmitter function.
Evidence4.5 / 5 - Choline SourceA+
Alpha-GPC
A readily absorbed choline source that helps the brain make acetylcholine — a chemical tied to memory and focus.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - Choline SourceA+
CDP-Choline
A readily absorbed choline source that supports brain energy and acetylcholine, the brain's memory chemical.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - Omega-3 Fatty AcidA+
EPA
An omega-3 fatty acid known for its role in mood regulation and inflammation control.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - MineralA+
Magnesium
A well-absorbed form of magnesium that supports relaxation, sleep, and clear thinking.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - AdaptogenA+
Bacopa Monnieri
A well-researched herbal nootropic used to enhance memory and long-term cognitive function.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Stimulant + AntioxidantA+
Matcha
A powdered green tea combining caffeine and L-theanine for balanced energy and focus.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Cholinesterase InhibitorA+
Huperzine A
A potent compound that enhances acetylcholine levels by preventing its breakdown.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - AdaptogenA
Rhodiola Rosea
A well-researched adaptogenic herb that supports stress resilience, energy, and mental performance.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - Hormone-like VitaminA
Vitamin D3
A fat-soluble vitamin that functions like a hormone, supporting brain health and mood regulation.
Evidence4.4 / 5 - AdaptogenA
Ashwagandha
A traditional adaptogenic herb used to reduce stress and support cognitive resilience.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Medicinal MushroomA
Lion’s Mane Mushroom
A functional mushroom known for supporting nerve growth factor (NGF) and neuroplasticity.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Amino Acid DerivativeA
N-Acetylcysteine
A precursor to glutathione that supports antioxidant defence, brain health, and mood regulation.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Stimulant AlkaloidA
Nicotine
A potent stimulant that enhances attention, memory, and reaction time.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Essential Fatty AcidsA
Omega-3
Essential omega-3 fatty acids widely studied for their role in brain health, cognitive function, and long-term neurological support.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - PhospholipidA
Phosphatidylserine
A phospholipid essential for maintaining healthy brain cell structure and cognitive function.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - MAO-B InhibitorA
Selegiline
A compound that increases dopamine levels by inhibiting monoamine oxidase-B.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - VitaminA
Vitamin B6
An essential vitamin involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and brain metabolism.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - AdaptogenA
Withania Somnifera
A traditional Ayurvedic adaptogen used to reduce stress and support cognitive resilience.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - Amino Acid DerivativeA
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
A readily absorbed form of L-carnitine that helps cells produce energy and supports focus, especially when you're tired.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - MineralA
Iodine
An essential mineral required for thyroid function and cognitive development.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - Amino AcidA
L-Tyrosine
An amino acid that supports dopamine and noradrenaline production, particularly under stress.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - CoenzymeA
NAD+
A critical coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and ageing processes.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - Methyl Donor CompoundA
SAM-e
A compound your body makes naturally that helps produce mood-related brain chemicals.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - PolyphenolA
Turmeric Extract
A plant extract rich in curcumin known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - MineralA
Zinc
An essential mineral involved in neurotransmitter function, immune health, and brain signalling.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - CoenzymeA
Coenzyme Q10
A mitochondrial coenzyme that supports cellular energy production and brain function.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - Cholinesterase InhibitorA
Galantamine
A compound that enhances acetylcholine levels by inhibiting its breakdown, supporting memory and cognition.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - StimulantA
Guarana
A plant-based stimulant containing caffeine, used to enhance energy and alertness.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - Dopamine PrecursorA
L-DOPA
A direct precursor to dopamine used to support motivation, focus, and mood regulation.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - Ayurvedic HerbA
Brahmi
A traditional Ayurvedic herb used to enhance memory, clarity, and cognitive function.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - PolyphenolA
Curcumin
An active compound in turmeric known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - AdaptogenA
Ginseng
A well-researched adaptogen known for enhancing energy, focus, and resilience to stress.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Beta-BlockerA
Propranolol
A beta-blocker sometimes used off-label to reduce performance anxiety and stress response.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - RacetamB+
Phenylpiracetam
A potent racetam known for enhancing focus, energy, and physical performance.
Evidence4.3 / 5 - PeptideB+
Semax
A peptide-based nootropic that supports neuroprotection, focus, and cognitive performance.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - Stimulant AlkaloidB+
Theacrine
A stimulant compound similar to caffeine, used for sustained energy and focus without tolerance buildup.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - NucleotideB+
Uridine Monophosphate
A nucleotide that supports brain membrane synthesis and neurotransmitter function.
Evidence4.2 / 5 - Peptide-like CompoundB+
Noopept
A potent nootropic known for enhancing memory, learning, and neuroprotection.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - RacetamB+
Pramiracetam
A potent racetam focused on enhancing memory and cognitive performance.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - Bile Acid DerivativeB+
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid
A bile acid derivative that supports cellular health, mitochondrial function, and neuroprotection.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - AdaptogenB+
Tongkat Ali
A traditional herbal root used to support energy, mood, and hormonal balance.
Evidence4.1 / 5 - Serotonin PrecursorB+
5-HTP
A compound that supports serotonin production, influencing mood, sleep, and emotional balance.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - EugeroicB+
Adrafinil
A wakefulness-promoting compound used to enhance alertness and sustained cognitive performance.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Dopamine PrecursorB+
Dopa Mucuna
A natural source of L-DOPA used to support dopamine production, motivation, and mood.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Herbal ExtractB+
Kava
A plant extract known for its strong anxiolytic and calming effects.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Stimulant AlkaloidB+
Methylliberine
A fast-acting stimulant compound similar to caffeine, used to enhance energy and focus.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - RacetamB+
Oxiracetam
A stimulating racetam that supports memory, learning, and logical thinking.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - GABA AnalogB+
Phenibut
A GABA-derivative compound used to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - RacetamB+
Piracetam
The original racetam compound used to support memory and cognitive function.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - CoenzymeB+
PQQ
A compound that supports mitochondrial function and cellular energy production.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Vitamin B1 DerivativeB+
Sulbutiamine
A fat-soluble derivative of vitamin B1 used to support energy, motivation, and cognitive performance.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Atypical AntidepressantB+
Tianeptine
A compound that acts on the brain's glutamate signalling to influence mood and thinking.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Cerebral VasodilatorB+
Vinpocetine
A compound derived from vincamine used to support cerebral blood flow and cognitive function.
Evidence4.0 / 5 - Medicinal MushroomB+
Cordyceps Mushroom
A functional mushroom known for supporting energy, endurance, and overall vitality.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Herbal ExtractB+
Ginkgo Biloba
A traditional herbal extract used to support memory, circulation, and cognitive function.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Amino AcidB+
L-Taurine
An amino acid that supports nervous system regulation, relaxation, and cognitive balance.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Herbal ExtractB+
Lemon Balm
A calming herb used to reduce anxiety and support mood and cognitive function.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Amino Acid DerivativeB+
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine
A more soluble form of L-tyrosine used to support stress resilience and cognitive performance.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Amino AcidB+
Phenylalanine
An essential amino acid that serves as a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and other neurotransmitters.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - RacetamB
Aniracetam
A fat-soluble racetam known for supporting memory, creativity, and mood.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - AdaptogenB
Schisandra Chinensis
A traditional adaptogenic berry used to enhance resilience, energy, and mental clarity.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - MethylxanthineB
Theobromine
A mild stimulant found in cocoa that supports mood, energy, and cognitive function.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - VitaminB
Vitamin K2
A fat-soluble vitamin that supports cardiovascular and brain health through calcium regulation.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - Adrenergic StimulantB
Yohimbine
A stimulant compound that increases alertness, energy, and focus under certain conditions.
Evidence3.9 / 5 - FlavonoidB
Apigenin
A plant-derived compound with calming, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - AdaptogenB
Eleuthero
An adaptogenic herb used to improve resilience to stress and support mental and physical endurance.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - Amino AcidB
Glycine
An amino acid that supports sleep quality, relaxation, and cognitive recovery.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - Vitamin-Like CompoundB
Inositol
A compound involved in cellular signalling and neurotransmitter regulation, particularly for mood.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - NeurosteroidB
Pregnenolone
A precursor neurosteroid involved in hormone synthesis and brain function regulation.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - Vitamin B6 DerivativeB
Pyritinol
A semi-synthetic compound derived from vitamin B6 used to support cognition and cerebral metabolism.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - Amino AcidB
Serine
An amino acid involved in neurotransmitter production and brain cell function.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - Herbal SedativeB
Valerian Root
A calming herb traditionally used to improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety.
Evidence3.8 / 5 - CarotenoidB
Astaxanthin
A potent antioxidant that supports brain health and reduces oxidative stress.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - NeurotransmitterB
GABA
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for reducing neuronal excitability and promoting calmness.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - Herbal ExtractB
Gotu Kola
A traditional herb used to support memory, cognitive function, and mental clarity.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - CarotenoidB
Lutein
A carotenoid that supports eye and brain health, particularly cognitive ageing.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - Herbal ExtractB
Polygala Tenuifolia
A traditional herb used in Chinese medicine to support memory, mood, and cognitive clarity.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - FlavonoidB
Quercetin
A plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that support overall brain health.
Evidence3.7 / 5 - AlkaloidB
Berberine
A plant compound primarily used for metabolic health, with indirect cognitive benefits.
Evidence3.6 / 5 - Methyl DonorB
Betaine
A compound that supports the body's cell-maintenance chemistry, with knock-on benefits for brain health.
Evidence3.6 / 5 - PolyphenolB
Rosmarinic Acid
A plant compound with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties found in herbs like rosemary.
Evidence3.6 / 5 - Choline SourceB
Choline Bitartrate
A basic and widely available choline supplement used to support acetylcholine production.
Evidence3.5 / 5 - RacetamC+
Fasoracetam
A racetam compound explored for its potential effects on cognitive function, focus, and mood.
Evidence3.6 / 5 - Amino AcidC+
Beta-Alanine
An amino acid commonly used for physical endurance, with emerging cognitive benefits under fatigue.
Evidence3.5 / 5 - Plant ExtractC+
Forskolin
A compound that increases cAMP levels, influencing cellular signalling and cognitive processes.
Evidence3.5 / 5 - FlavonoidC+
Kaempferol
A plant-derived antioxidant with potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
Evidence3.5 / 5 - Amino AcidC+
L-Glutamine
An amino acid involved in neurotransmitter balance and gut-brain axis function.
Evidence3.5 / 5 - Choline PrecursorC+
DMAE
A compound structurally similar to choline, often used to support cognitive function and mental clarity.
Evidence3.4 / 5
Educational information, not medical advice. Evidence grades reflect KÖGN’s assessment of published research and are not health claims. Speak to a qualified clinician before changing what you take.
About the Dictionary.
- How many nootropic ingredients does KÖGN grade?
- KÖGN Health grades 99 nootropic ingredients on a single evidence scale from A+ to C. Each entry covers what the ingredient is, how it works, and the state of the published evidence, with dose and safety notes where the research supports them.
- Which nootropics have the strongest evidence?
- 18 of the 99 ingredients carry KÖGN's A+ grade, meaning strong and consistent human evidence. Caffeine, L-theanine and Bacopa monnieri are among them. Grades are KÖGN's editorial assessment of the literature, updated as the research moves. What each grade means →
- Are nootropics safe?
- Most widely used nootropic ingredients are well tolerated at their studied doses, but safety differs by compound, dose, and the medication you already take. Each Dictionary entry carries safety notes where the evidence supports them. Speak to a qualified clinician before changing what you take.
- How often are the grades updated?
- Grades are revisited as new research is published; the corpus was last reviewed in June 2026. A grade is an editorial reading of the evidence, not a health claim.